This colorful presentation illustrates how many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire. The lesson covers invasions triggering changes in western Europe, the decline of learning, loss of a common language, Germanic kingdoms emerge, concept of government changes, the Franks under Clovis, German people adopting Christianity, monasteries and convents, Gregory I, expanding papal power, Carolingian dynasty, Charlemagne and his government, cultural r