The Essential Question for students is: Were the Girl Groups of the early 1960s voices of female empowerment or reflections of traditional female roles? In this lesson, students will evaluate what the emergence of the Girl Groups said about the roles of girls and women in the early 1960s. The nation sat on the threshold of a new Women’s Rights movement that would challenge traditional female roles. In 1963, Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, widely considered a milestone in the emerg